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Introduction Waste management has emerged as a central environmental and public health concern worldwide. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population growth have intensified the generation of municipal, industrial, and hazardous waste.…

Introduction The global energy landscape is undergoing a transformative shift as countries confront climate change, energy scarcity, and environmental degradation. Renewable energy—encompassing solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy—has emerged as a…

Introduction Environmental challenges such as climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion have increasingly highlighted the need for scientific research that can guide sustainable solutions. At the core of…

Introduction Pollution remains a critical global challenge, affecting air, water, and soil quality, as well as human health and ecosystems. Rapid industrialization, urban expansion, and increased consumption have intensified environmental…

Introduction The transition to a green economy has become an essential global priority as nations confront climate change, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation. A green economy emphasizes sustainable production, renewable…